2003答案解析.docx

尤％网 TbpSagc.com 2003 年真题听力原文、答案及详解 听力原文 SECTION A TALK When we talk about a modem company, we usually have managers, employees, products, re search and development or marketing in mind. However, in reality, a company is not just made up of these elements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we are going to look at some other aspects of a company. Let's first take a look at the offices. The physical sur roundings of most modem companies, especially offices are becoming more and more similar. Al though there are some differences from country to country, one office looks much like another. Office furniture and equipment tend to be similar, desks, chairs, filing cabinets, computers. etc. ** What is important about offices?" you may ask, “Well, the "atmosphere 0 of the workplace can often influ ence the effectiveness of a company's employees. " Modem offices are more spacious and better lit, heated t ventilated and air-conditioned than in the past. Bu 【 of course, this is a feature that yaries from firm to firm, and may Im? dependent on the size of the company and its cooperate “ ph ilos ophy". (QI) In some companies, the employees work in large, open-plan offices without walls between the departments ； in others, the staff members work more privately in individual offices. No matter what the office layout is like, modem companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the work relations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships with fellow employees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people say the major portion, comes from **getting on with others at work". Work relations will also include those between management and employees. These relations are not always stra ight forward, particular - ly as lhe management's assessmenl of how you're perfoming c&n be crucinl to your (bture career. 国 Now I'd like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. There will also be mattera about which employees will want to talk to the management. In small businesses, the boss will probably work a long side his or her workers. Anyth i ng th at needs to be sorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises. ( Q3 ) There will be no formal meetings or proce dures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will be between the employees and the management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set up to say when, where, how and in what circumstances the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have special ly organized consultative committees for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, particu larly in large firms, employees join a trade union and ask the union to represent them to the manage ment. Through the union, all categories of the employees can pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process through which unions negotiate with the management on behalf of their members is called ** collective bargaining**. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone over over with the company, the employees join together and collectively a firm will refuse to recognize the right of a union to negotiate union recognition will arise. Where there is disagreement, bargaining or negotiation will take place. A compromise agreement may be reached. When this ii not possible, the 成 des can go lo arbilmtion and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen. (Q4) However, sometimes one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management can lock out the employees and prevent them fn ) m coming to work. This used to be quite common, but it's rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union are strike, a ban on working overtime